DEVELOPING SELF-REFLECTION AND GROUP COHESION THROUGH THE SYMBOL OF A SHIP IN ART THERAPY

Abstract

The article presents an original art therapy method titled «The Ship of the Inner World», which integrates metaphorical thinking, projective visualization, elements of bodily relaxation, and group reflection. The aim of the study is to substantiate the method’s effectiveness as a tool for developing self-reflection, reducing psycho-emotional tension, and fostering a trusting and emotionally safe group environment. Theoretical foundations draw on the work of Ukrainian specialists in art therapy, including multimodal approaches (O. Voznesenska), symbolic projection (N. Mraka), and group dynamics. The method is centered around creating an individual image of a «ship» – a symbolic representation of the participant’s internal state, direction, resources, and challenges. This is followed by a collective composition called the «sea», which serves as a metaphor for shared space and group cohesion. Particular attention is given not only to the creative process itself, but also to the symbolic content that often emerges spontaneously and unconsciously during art-making. The methodology was piloted in a session with educators, showing notable improvements in emotional openness, interpersonal connection, and inner stabilization. Key outcomes included reduced anxiety levels, greater awareness of personal needs, activation of internal resources, and the emergence of new communication dynamics within the group. Study limitations include a small sample size and the absence of quantitative psychodiagnostic tools, highlighting the need for further empirical research. The method’s practical value lies in its flexibility: it can be adapted to different age groups, contexts, and interaction formats, including work with teachers, adolescents, internally displaced persons (IDPs), families, as well as individual and online therapy. On a social level, the method promotes emotional literacy, empathy, improved team climate, and the use of nonviolent communication techniques. The author’s method offers a new integrative tool for Ukrainian art therapy practice, combining the depth of self-exploration with metaphorical thinking and resource-oriented transformation.